tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-357530382024-03-14T07:38:46.760-07:00angelic moosociety, politics and social policydan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.comBlogger88125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-78808849668262191632016-12-22T06:50:00.000-08:002016-12-22T06:50:45.339-08:00<br />
<a href="http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=TopStory&title=trust-in-duterte-&145excellent&8217-cracks-show&id=138115">That's a dip.</a><br />
<img src="http://www.bworldonline.com/DataViz/images/front1_122216.jpg" />dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-51716763471102039582015-10-05T05:42:00.001-07:002015-10-05T05:42:47.054-07:00The Supreme Court does not have jurisdiction to impose the proper disciplinary action against civil registrars.<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">The Clerk of Court of the Shari'a
Circuit Court wears two hats:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">first</span></i><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">, as Clerk of Court of the
Shari'a Circuit Court, and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">second</span></i><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">, as Circuit Registrar within
his territorial jurisdiction. Although the Constitution vests the Court with
the power of administrative supervision over all courts and its personnel,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;">this power must be taken with due regard to other
prevailing laws.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">While civil registrars are members of the Judiciary
as Clerk of Court of the Shari'a Circuit Court, a review of the complaint
reveals that the complainant seeks to hold the registrar liable for registering
the divorce and issuing the Certificate of Registration of D</span><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">ivorce
pursuant to his duties as Circuit
Registrar of Muslim divorces</span><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">. The test of jurisdiction is
the nature of the offense and not the personality of the offender. The fact
that the complaint charges Abdullah for "conduct unbecoming of a court
employee" is of no moment. Well-settled is the rule that what controls is
not the designation of the offense but the actual facts recited in the
complaint. Unless jurisdiction has been conferred by some legislative
act, no court or tribunal can act on a matter submitted to it.</span><i><o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">Under the<span class="apple-converted-space"> <span data-href="/laws/10099" data-id="Law-10099" data-role="cited-document" data-target="_blank" style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer;"></span><span class="x-label">Local Government Code</span></span> the power of administrative
supervision over civil registrars was devolved to the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">municipal and city mayors</span><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">.
Under the "faithful execution clause" embodied in Section 455 (b)(1)(x)<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="undefined_0"> and Section 444 (b)(1)(x) of the<span class="apple-converted-space"> <span data-href="/laws/10099" data-id="Law-10099" data-role="cited-document" data-target="_blank" style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer;"></span><span class="x-label">Local
Government Code</span></span>, in relation to Section 479</a> of the same Code,
the municipal and city mayors, in addition to their power to appoint city or
municipal civil registrars are also given ample authority to exercise<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>administrative
supervision over civil registrars</span><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">At this juncture, it should be remembered that the
authority of the Mayor to exercise administrative supervision over C/MCRs is
not exclusive. The Civil Service Commission, as the central personnel agency of
the government, has the power to appoint and discipline its officials and
employees and to hear and decide administrative cases instituted by or brought
before it directly or on appeal.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">Under Section 9 of
the<span class="apple-converted-space"> <span data-href="/laws/26994" data-id="Law-26994" data-role="cited-document" data-target="_blank" style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer;"></span><span class="x-label">Revised Uniform Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service</span></span>,
the CSC is granted original concurrent jurisdiction over administrative cases.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span id="copied_short_ref" style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;">
<span id="copied_short_ref" style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;">
<span id="copied_short_ref" style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Consequently, it behooves the Court to also
forward the subject complaint to the Office of the Mayor, Marawi City and to
the CSC for appropriate action.</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span id="copied_short_ref" style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></span></a>
</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mamiscal v.
Abdullah, A.M. No. SCC-13-18-J, July 1, 2015.</span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-30984285161936348332015-09-15T02:01:00.000-07:002015-09-15T02:01:08.016-07:00Consequences of using a US passport<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">In <i>Arnado
v. COMELEC</i>,<a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
the Supreme Court held that an affidavit of renunciation of foreign citizenship
is deemed withdrawn when a candidate uses a US passport after executing the affidavit.
The candidate is disqualified from running for local office and a landslide
victory cannot override the eligibility requirements.</span>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 9.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH;">G.R. No. 210164, August 18, 2015.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-23637214375312908082015-09-15T01:39:00.002-07:002015-09-15T01:39:51.758-07:00On the validity of Quezon City's Socialized Housing Tax and Garbage Fee<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.9pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<i>The Validity of a Tax may be Determined
by other Statutes<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div style="line-height: 13.9pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">In <i>Ferrer, Jr. v. Bautista</i>,<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
the Supreme Court upheld the </span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">Socialized
Housing Tax (SHT) of Quezon City. </span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">The City imposed a Socialized
Housing Tax equivalent to 0.5% on the assessed value of land in excess of
Php100,000.00. The Court held that this special assessment is the same tax
referred to in Republic Act No. 7279 or the Urban Development
and Housing Act of 1992. <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="undefined_0">The SHT is one of the
sources of funds for urban development and housing program.</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> The Court explained that:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">...Aside from the specific authority vested by
Section 43 of the<span data-href="/laws/10107" data-id="Law-10107" data-role="cited-document" data-target="_blank" style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer;"> <span class="x-label">UDHA</span></span>, cities
are allowed to exercise such other powers and discharge such other functions
and responsibilities as are necessary, appropriate, or incidental to efficient
and effective provision of the basic services and facilities which include,
among others, programs and project for low-cost housing and other mass
dwellings.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> The collections
made accrue to its socialized housing programs and projects. The tax is not a
pure exercise of taxing power or merely to raise revenue; it is levied with
regulatory purpose. The levy is primarily in the exercise of the police power
for the general welfare of the entire city. It is greatly imbued with public interest.
Removing slum areas in Quezon City is not only beneficial to the
underprivileged and homeless constituents but advantageous to the real property
owners as well. The situation will improve the value of the then property
investments, fully enjoying the same in view of an orderly, secure and safe
community, and will enhance the quality of life of the poor, making them
law-abiding constituents and better consumers of business products.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">In the same case, the
Supreme Court struck down Quezon City’s “garbage fee” saying that, among other
reasons, it was inconsistent with Republic Act No. 9003 or the </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000</span>. The
Court held that under that law:<span style="background: white; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 13.9pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">...it is clear that the
authority of a municipality or city to impose fees is limited to the collection
and transport of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;">non-recyclable and special wastes</span><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> and for the
disposal of these into the sanitary landfill. Barangays, on the other hand,
have the authority to impose fees for the collection and segregation of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;">biodegradable,
compostable and reusable wastes</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span>from
households, commerce, other sources of domestic wastes, and for the use of
barangay MRFs. This is but consistent with Section 10 of<span class="apple-converted-space"> <span data-href="/laws/11014" data-id="Law-11014" data-role="cited-document" data-target="_blank" style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer;"></span><span class="x-label">R.A. No.
9003</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>directing that
segregation and collection of biodegradable, compostable and reusable wastes
shall be conducted at the barangay level, while the collection of
non-recyclable materials and special wastes shall be the responsibility of the
municipality or city.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 6pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">In
this case, the alleged bases of Ordinance No. S-2235 in imposing the garbage
fee is the volume of waste currently generated by each person in Quezon City,
which purportedly stands at 0.66 kilogram per day, and the increasing trend of
waste generation for the past three years.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;">Respondents did not
elaborate any further. The figure presented does not reflect the specific types
of wastes generated — whether residential, market, commercial, industrial,
construction/ demolition, street waste, agricultural, agro-industrial,
institutional, etc. It is reasonable, therefore, for the Court to presume that
such amount pertains to the totality of wastes, without any distinction,
generated by Quezon City constituents. To reiterate, however, the authority of
a municipality or city to impose fees extends only to those related to the
collection and transport of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;">non-recyclable</span></i></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span>and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;">special</span></i></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span>wastes.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span id="copied_short_ref" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: auto; text-align: start; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">G.R.
No. 210551, June 30, 2015.</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <span style="color: black;">Section 43 of the law provides:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">Sec. 43. <i>Socialized Housing Tax</i>.
— Consistent with the constitutional principle that the ownership and enjoyment
of property bear a social function and to raise funds for the Program, all
local government units are hereby authorized to impose an additional one-half
percent (0.5%) tax on the assessed value of all lands in urban areas in excess
of Fifty thousand pesos (50,000.00).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">See</span></i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;"> Ferrer, Jr. v. Bautista, G.R. No. 210551, June 30,
2015.</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">Ferrer, Jr. v. Bautista, G.R. No. 210551, June 30, 2015.</span></div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-12904140843033355532015-08-04T17:44:00.001-07:002015-08-04T17:44:25.534-07:00No business taxes on petroleum products <div class="MsoNormal">
The power of local governments to impose business taxes is
found in Section 143. However, this power is subject to the explicit statutory limitation
in Section 133(h) which prohibits local governments from imposing “taxes, fees
or charges on petroleum products.”<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Batangas City v. Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation</span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">, G.R. No. 187631, July 8, 2015.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-42952880371228657662015-07-27T21:01:00.003-07:002015-07-27T21:01:33.506-07:00CE Casecnan Water and Energy Co. v. The Province of Nueva Ecija<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
Republic Act No. 9282 expanded the jurisdiction of the
Court of Tax Appeals which now includes its exclusive appellate jurisdiction to
review by appeal the decisions, orders or resolutions of the regional trial
courts in local tax cases originally decided or resolved by the regional trial
courts in the exercise of its original or appellate jurisdiction. It is the CTA
which has exclusive jurisdiction over a special civil action for <i>certiorari
</i>assailing an interlocutory order issued by the RTC in a local tax case.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"> CE Casecnan Water and Energy Co. v. The Province of
Nueva Ecija, G.R. No. 196278, June 17, 2015. </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">In National Power Corporation v. Municipal Government
of Navotas (G.R. No. 192300, November 24, 2014), and City of Lapu-Lapu v. Philippine
Economic Zone Authority (G.R. No. 184203, November 26, 2014), the Supreme Court
already held that local tax cases include real property tax.</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-10345731590190459082015-07-27T17:40:00.004-07:002015-07-27T17:40:51.066-07:00Mactan Cebu International Airport Authority v. City of Lapu-Lapu, et al., G.R. No. 181756, June 15, 2015.<br /><br />The <a href="http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/pdf/web/viewer.html?file=/jurisprudence/2015/june2015/181756.pdf">Mactan Cebu International Airport Authority </a>is an instrumentality of the government; thus, its properties actually, solely and exclusively used for public purposes, consisting of the airport terminal building, airfield, runway, taxiway and the lots on which they are situated, are not subject to real property tax and respondent City is not justified in collecting taxes from petitioner over said properties.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftn1">[1]</a> MCIAA is vested with corporate powers but it is not a stock or non-stock corporation, which is a necessary condition before an agency or instrumentality is deemed a government-owned or controlled corporation. Like MIAA, petitioner MCIAA has capital under its charter but it is not divided into shares of stock.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftn2">[2]</a> <br /><br /> <br /><div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;"><a href="http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/pdf/web/viewer.html?file=/jurisprudence/2015/june2015/181756.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Mactan Cebu International Airport
Authority v. City of Lapu-Lapu, et al.</span></a>, G.R. No. 181756, June 15,
2015.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;"><a href="http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/pdf/web/viewer.html?file=/jurisprudence/2015/june2015/181756.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Mactan Cebu International Airport
Authority v. City of Lapu-Lapu, et al.</span></a>, G.R. No. 181756, June 15,
2015.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-23989307021013187522015-07-27T17:20:00.002-07:002015-07-27T17:20:14.490-07:00Amusement taxes<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">The
Supreme Court declared section 14 of Republic Act No. 9167 as unconstitutional.
It said that by earmarking the income on amusement taxes imposed by the local
governments in favor of FDCP and the producers of graded films, the legislature
appropriated and distributed local government funds (which are not legally within
its control) under the guise of setting a limitation on the local governments’ exercise
of their delegated taxing power. The Supreme Court held that this was a
usurpation of the latter’s exclusive prerogative to apportion their funds, an
impermissible intrusion into the local governments’ constitutionally-protected
domain which negates the guarantee of fiscal autonomy to municipal corporations
as mandated by the Constitution.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35753038#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/pdf/web/viewer.html?file=/jurisprudence/2015/june2015/203754.pdf" target="_blank">Film Development Council of the Philippines v. Colon Heritage Realty
Corporation</a>,</span> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 8pt;">G.R. No. 203754/G.R. No. 204418, June 16, 2015</span>.<span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-18226351015498063942015-07-05T01:29:00.003-07:002015-07-24T16:01:49.425-07:00The end of cute: The return of common sense in environmental litigation<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 6pt 0in 0.2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
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Two developments in Philippine
law ended the debate on the contributions of <i>Oposa v. Factoran</i><a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> in environmental litigation. I have always been cynical about, and
critical of <i>Oposa</i>; because I have yet to see what benefit the case
brought to environmental protection. I will not repeat my attack on the case
which has been published elsewhere.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> I reiterate one criticism of <i>Oposa</i> that is relevant to
my argument that this "novelty approach" to litigation that began in <i>Oposa</i> has
been written off, probably unwittingly, by the Supreme Court.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The argument I made years ago was that
"Intergenerational equity as articulated in <i>Oposa</i> has no
practical effect. If the children had invoked their own right to a balanced and
healthful ecology, the Supreme Court would have decided the case in the same
way. Neither the issues nor the Court’s interpretation of the law would
change."<a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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The Supreme Court proved that my
argument is correct. The Court did this in two ways. The first was done
five years ago though the implementation of the environmental rules.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ftnref5"></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The second way involved a that invoked
the rights of marine mammals.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></div>
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The environmental rules provide:<o:p></o:p></div>
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SECTION 5. <i>Citizen Suit.</i> — Any Filipino citizen in
representation of
others, including minors or generations yet unborn,
may file an action to enforce rights or obligations under environmental laws.
Upon the filing of a citizen suit, the court shall issue an order which shall
contain a brief description of the cause of action and the reliefs prayed for,
requiring all interested parties to manifest their interest to intervene in the
case within fifteen (15) days from notice thereof. The plaintiff may publish
the order once in a newspaper of a general circulation in the Philippines or
furnish all affected barangays copies of said order.<a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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An examination of section 5 shows that
invoking the rights of future generations, ironically after it was codified, is
really pointless. The future generations cannot by themselves file a case to
protect their rights. Only the present generation may do so, and when it does,
what benefit does it acquire from invoking the rights of future generations? If all cases from this point on are filed on behalf of future generations in accordance with Section 5 the resolution of those cases will not differ had the case been filed by the present generation.<o:p></o:p></div>
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I repeat my position: Had the
petitioners in <i>Oposa</i> invoked only their rights, the decision
would have remained the same. Under the environmental rules, whether or a case
is filed on behalf of future generations, the decision on the merits will
remain the same.<o:p></o:p></div>
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This point is made clearer by the
Court's decision on a case filed on behalf of marine mammals who were
threatened by the exploration, development, and exploitation of petroleum
resources. On the issue of standing, the Supreme Court held that because the
Supreme Court had promulgated the Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases,
"the need to give the Resident Marine Mammals legal standing has been
eliminated by our Rules, which allow any Filipino citizen, as a steward of
nature, to bring a suit to enforce our environmental laws."<a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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In effect, there is no need to invoke
the rights of non-human life forms if humans are co-petitioners in the suit.
The Court did not rule on whether animals had standing to sue.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In both cases, the presence of human
petitioners make the rights of future generations or other life forms
irrelevant. In <i>Resident Marine Mammals</i>, the Court expressly makes
this clear.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The only time invoking the rights of
future generations or fauna will make a difference is if their rights are tied
to the relief sought by petitioners. Do we seek greater relief because we are
invoking the rights of the unborn? Are we asking the Court to protect the
environment more because we should factor in the temporal impacts of present
human activities? These concerns, however, were never part of <i>Oposa</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>Oposa</i> was a novelty
that served as a distraction at most. I have always maintained that the
"ruling" on standing was never doctrinal<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ftnref8">[8]</a> and
that litigators have never invoked it because there was never any practical use
for it. Why? Because litigants know that they only need to invoke their rights
to prove standing. For decades <i>Oposa </i>has captivated the environmental movement only to fail it. We have been pursuing an idea that makes no concrete contribution to the protection of the environment. <span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">I hope these developments will knock
the environmental movement to its senses so we can begin protecting the
environment in earnest.</span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">G.R. No. 101083,
July 30, 1993</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">.</span></div>
</div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Dante Gatmaytan, <i>The Illusion of Intergenerational
Equity: Oposa v. Factoran as Pyrrhic Victory</i>, 15 <span style="font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Geo. Int’l Envtl. L. Rev.</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;"> 457, 457-485</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">(2003) </span>and Dante Gatmaytan<i>, Artificial Judicial Environmental Activism: Oposa v. Factoran as
Aberration</i>,<span style="font-variant: small-caps;"> 17 Ind. Int’l & Comp. L. Rev. 1, 1-28</span> (2007).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Dante
Gatmaytan-Magno,<i><span lang="EN-GB"> Judicial Restraint and the Enforcement of
Environmental Rights in the Philippines</span></i><span lang="EN-GB">, 12 <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Or. Rev.
Int’l L.</span> 1, 1-30 (2010).</span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Rules of
Procedure for Environmental Cases, A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC, (2010).</span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Resident Marine Mammals of the Protected Seascape <em>Tañon Strait</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> v. Reyes, G.R.
No. 180771, April 21, 2015.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Rules of
Procedure for Environmental Cases, A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC, [2010].</span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/ipd/Desktop/common%20sense.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">Resident Marine Mammals of the
Protected Seascape </span><em><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 10pt;">Tañon Strait</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 10pt;"> v.
Reyes, G.R. No. 180771, April 21, 2015.</span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-44588329118110448302015-05-05T00:06:00.004-07:002015-05-05T00:06:42.780-07:00UN: Anti-RH policies of ex-Manila mayors Atienza and Lim drove constituents deeper into poverty<h1 style="color: #990000; font-size: 36px; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
UN: Anti-RH policies of ex-Manila mayors Atienza and Lim drove constituents deeper into poverty</h1>
<span class="article-head" style="background-color: white; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;"><span class="date-byline" style="display: block; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">By: <b>Tricia Aquino, InterAksyon.com</b><br />May 4, 2015 8:04 PM</span></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.interaksyon.com/" style="color: #990000;">InterAksyon.com</a><br />The online news portal of TV5</div>
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MANILA - A United Nations committee says that two executive orders of former Manila mayors Jose Atienza, Jr., and Alfredo Lim got in the way of women's access to reproductive health services and contraceptives, consequently driving many constituents further into poverty as they were unable to manage the number of their children and suffered the consequences of unplanned pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and maternal deaths.<br /><br />This was contained in a report issued last month by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.</div>
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The nongovernmental organizations Task Force CEDAW Inquiry, Center for Reproductive Rights, and International Women's Rights Action Network Asia-Pacific requested the UN Committee in June 2008 to conduct an inquiry into alleged violations of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) because of the implementation of Executive Order No. 0003 issued by Atienza in February 2000, which covered the provision of sexual and reproductive health rights, services, and commodities in Manila.<br /><br />Citing the sanctity of life and the protection of the lives of the mother and the unborn, as provided by the 1987 Philippine Constitution, EO 0003 declared that Manila would take an "affirmative stand on pro-life issues and responsible parenthood."</div>
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This meant that the local government unit (LGU) would "uphold natural family planning ... while discouraging the use of artificial methods of contraception like condoms, pills, intrauterine devices, (and) surgical sterilization," among others.</div>
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While EO 003, according to the NGOs, did not "expressly prohibit" the use of these contraceptives, in practice, the executive order "severely limited women's access to sexual and reproductive health services and effectively resulted in a ban of modern contraceptives" in Manila.</div>
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During Lim's term beginning in 2007, the NGOs said that EO 003 continued to be implemented, and that another executive order, EO 030, was issued in 2011 which supposedly imposed a funding ban on artificial contraception.<br /><br />The UN Committee asked the Philippine government to help them assess the information it gathered in 2008.<br /><br />In 2009, the Philippine government had told the UN Committee that the Manila City Health Office refuted the allegations.<br /><br />The UN Committee decided to launch an inquiry on the issue of accessibility of contraceptives in Manila in 2010, as headed by members Pramila Patten and Violeta Neubauer, who visited the city in November 2012 and met representatives of the Philippine Commission on Women, the Department of Health, the Department of the Interior and Local Government, the Department of Social Welfare and Development, and the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth), among others.<br /><br />They also interviewed Mayor Lim, the Manila City Legal Officer, representatives of the City Health Office, and officials of the City Department of Social Welfare.<br /><br />They visited three health centers and Abad Santos Hospital, as well, and conducted interviews. They also talked to 60 women aged 19 to 49 years old, mostly from urban poor areas, and made trips to communities in Tondo, "where they were able to witness extreme poverty among urban households, many of which are headed by women."<br /><br />The UN Committee found that, while the 1987 Philippine Constitution provided for the separation of Church and State, the Catholic Church still had "considerable influence on public policymaking" in the country, including that on reproductive health.<br /><br />It also found that the implementation of EO 003 "resulted in the withdrawal of all supplies of modern contraceptives from all local government-funded health facilities, as well as in the refusal to provide women with family planning information and counseling other than ‘natural family planning' and brought misinformation about modern methods of contraception, including those methods listed on the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines."<br /><br />EO 003, said the UN Committee, also led to the discontinuation of the provision of supplies and information on modern contraception. All "relevant" medical personnel were trained in and provided information only on natural family planning methods.<br /><br />"Authorities and medical staff interviewed all confirmed that instructions issued by Mayor Atienza to that effect continued to be implemented after February 2004," the UN Committee report said.<br /><br />They also found that there was a ban on modern contraception in all public health facilities run by the Manila LGU, including hospitals, health centers, and lying-in clinics after February 2004.<br /><br />The UN Committee also found that Mayor Lim continued to enforce EO 003 during his term.<br /><br />"Interviews with women who had sought modern contraception in health centers and hospitals between 2007 and 2011 revealed that EO 003 was still enforced in practice, despite the Mayor's declared ‘pro-choice' policy," the UN Committee said.<br /><br />The latter was defined under Mayor Lim's EO 030 as "allowing couples to exercise full and absolute discretion in deciding on which form of family planning to use conformably with their religious beliefs and practices."<br /><br />But EO 030 also stated that the LGU would "not disburse and appropriate funds or finance any program or purchase materials, medicines for artificial birth control."<br /><br />The UN Committee saw that the pro-choice policy under EO 030 "was not accompanied by the necessary means to make these choices available and affordable."<br /><br />NGOs, donors, and other third parties were left to fill the gap which, under the Local Government Code of 1991, was actually delegated to the LGUs.<br /><br />The implementation of both executive orders had a detrimental effect on poor women, driving "them further into poverty by depriving them of an opportunity to control and space their number of children."<br /><br />According to the testimonies of the 60 women, they found it difficult to use natural family planning methods, "which many times contributed to tensions and conflicts with their husbands or partners and fostered domestic violence."<br /><br />The UN Committee added that it witnessed "the damage on women's mental and physical health resulting from multiple pregnancies and their increased exposure to HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases."<br /><br />EO 003 "harmed disadvantaged groups of women, including poor women and adolescent girls, as well as women in abusive relationships."<br /><br />Adolescent girls were also exposed to an increased risk of unwanted pregnancies and pregnancy-related injuries or death following unprotected or coerced sex.<br /><br />EO 003's impact was compounded by the funding ban in EO 030, the UN Committee said.<br /><br />It also called the efforts of the DOH in assisting the Manila LGU in providing reproductive health services "insufficient."<br /><br />The delay in enacting a reproductive health law was another factor in the "unsatisfactory" response of the Philippine government to address the situation in Manila.<br /><br />"The Committee observes that the lives and health of many women were put at risk, as they were compelled to have more children than they wanted or than their health permitted them to have. The Committee particularly takes notes of the potentially life-threatening consequences of unplanned and/or unwanted pregnancies as a direct consequence of the denial of access to the full range of contraceptive methods as well as of the strict criminalization of abortion without any exemptions provided for in the State party's legislation. Complications resulting from unsafe and illegal abortions are a prominent cause of maternal death in the City of Manila, as acknowledged by the State party," the UN Committee said.<br /><br />The national government, it added, failed "to provide the full range of sexual and reproductive health services, commodities, and information (which) resulted in unplanned pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and unnecessary and preventable maternal deaths."</div>
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<br />
<a href="http://www.interaksyon.com/article/109932/un-anti-rh-policies-of-ex-manila-mayors-atienza-and-lim-drove-constituents-deeper-into-poverty">http://www.interaksyon.com/article/109932/un-anti-rh-policies-of-ex-manila-mayors-atienza-and-lim-drove-constituents-deeper-into-poverty</a>dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-47526814613994745822015-04-28T17:05:00.000-07:002015-04-28T17:05:03.928-07:00Puyat Steel Corp. v. Central Board of Assessment Appeals, G.R. No. 174351 (Notice), (February 18, 2015).<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif;">A letter addressed to the Provincial Assessor,
thru the Municipal Mayor is not the appeal contemplated that would stop the
running of the 60-day reglementary period. Under Section 226, appeal of the
assessment of the property is done by filing before the LBAA “a petition under
oath in the form prescribed for the purpose, together with the copies of the
tax declarations and such affidavits or documents submitted in support of the
appeal.” The party who appeals must comply with the procedures and rules
governing appeals. The perfection of an appeal in the manner and within the
period permitted by law is not only mandatory, but jurisdictional, and the
failure to perfect that appeal renders the judgment of the court final and
executory. <i>See</i> <i><span style="background: white;">Puyat Steel Corp. v. Central Board of Assessment Appeals</span></i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">, G.R. No. 174351 (Notice),
(February 18, 2015).</span></span></div>
dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-84331689027809609162015-04-22T19:47:00.003-07:002015-04-23T06:07:38.390-07:00Congress to abolish twisted doctrine if SC won’t<div style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
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<h1 style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
Congress to abolish twisted doctrine if SC won’t</h1>
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<h4>
<a class="al-the-reporter" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/byline/gil-c.-cabacungan-and-tarra-quismundo" style="color: #03afe1; text-decoration: none;">
Gil C. Cabacungan and Tarra Quismundo</a></h4>
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Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></h4>
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5:24 AM | Thursday, April 23rd, 2015</h4>
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MANILA, Philippines–If the Supreme Court does not have the guts to rectify a twisted dogma, Congress is willing to step in and abolish this doctrine of condonation by re-election.</div>
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Deputy Speaker and Isabela Rep. Giorgidi Aggabao said he would file a bill that would effectively “neuter” this doctrine that Makati Mayor Junjun Binay is using to foil the suspension order imposed on him by Ombudsman Conchita Carpio Morales.</div>
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“If the SC cannot find the wherewithal to overturn this ‘wrong doctrine,’ I would propose Congress step in to neuter it. A simple, straightforward piece of legislation would do the trick,” said Aggabao in a text message.</div>
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During the second day of oral arguments on the case in Baguio City last Tuesday, Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno lectured Binay lawyer Sandra Marie Olaso-Coronel on using a patently wrong doctrine just to save her client without considering the damage it would wreak on on the constitutional framework and the quality of governance for future generations of Filipinos.</div>
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The doctrine that the Binay camp used in its defense is based on 1959 case involving the mayor of San Jose, Nueva Ecija, in which the high court, following American jurisprudence, ruled that the mayor was to be effectively absolved from administrative charges by virtue of reelection.</div>
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Binay has been accused of plunder for the construction of the allegedly overpriced Makati parking building which was started by his father, Vice President Jejomar Binay, and completed during his first term as mayor from 2010 to 2013.</div>
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Aggabao, a topnotcher in the 1980 bar exams, said the chief justice was correct.</div>
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“The doctrine is a bad, decisional law. It is anchored on a fundamental flaw: that the electorate had full knowledge of wrongs committed by its elected officials. But who does? The condonation is so fictional because it is established by implication from the mere re-election of an errant official,” he said.</div>
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“It is about time this doctrine is turned on its head,” Aggabao said.</div>
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Meanwhile, Binay’s lawyer, Sandra Marie Olaso-Coronel who was berated over the issue by her former professor, Sereno, is buckling down to work, preparing to issue a rebuttal on paper.</div>
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Coronel is prepared to stand her ground to defend the validity of the condonation doctrine.</div>
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“This condonation doctrine has been longstanding [for] 55 years and reiterated repeatedly in various cases, last of which was in 2009,” she said.</div>
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“This means it has withstood judicial scrutiny through three Constitutions, including the 1987 [Constitution]. It is based on the constitutional mandate of the sovereignty of the people, the electorate. This is most basic in a democracy,” she said.</div>
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Coronel, who is herself a law professor at the UP Law College, disputed the Inquirer’s report that she could barely respond to Sereno during last Tuesday’s oral arguments, claiming to have succeed in “standing our ground that the doctrine remains good law.”</div>
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But Coronel conceded that the Binay camp was only asserting condonation as applying only in the administrative aspect of the case.</div>
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“This means [that] while the re-elected official cannot be removed from office, he can still remain charged in the criminal case,” she said.</div>
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In the end, Coronel said it would be up to the high court to decide on whether or not to uphold the condonation doctrine.</div>
<span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Read more: <a href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/687232/congress-to-abolish-twisted-doctrine-if-sc-wont#ixzz3Y63blScY" style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none;">http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/687232/congress-to-abolish-twisted-doctrine-if-sc-wont#ixzz3Y63blScY</a> </span>dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-51598295490950379132015-04-22T06:53:00.000-07:002015-04-22T06:53:09.675-07:00Mining bill is an assault on local autonomy<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">House Bill No. 5367, filed
recently by Marikina Representative Romero Quimbo, is a draft measure to enact
the “Philippine Fiscal Regime and Revenue Sharing Arrangement for Large-scale
Metallic Mining Act of 2014.” </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
proponents of the bill </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">are presenting it as a measure to rationalize the existing sharing
schemes on mining revenues. A closer review of the bill reveals, however, that
it is poised to impose the greatest setback to local government autonomy since
Ferdinand Marcos concentrated power under his martial law regime.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">The bill is designed to bypass
local governments and allow the national government to exploit resources
unimpeded. The bill will cut local governments’ powers to regulate the effects
of mining and reduce their financial bases. It promises a quick financial
payoff at the expense of local government autonomy and community rights. There
are many reasons to be wary of this bill and the most insidious provisions are
sections 5, 6 and 7. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">Section 5 of the bill provides
that “all mining areas governed by this Act shall be declared by the President
as Mining Industry Zones.” These mining areas are approved and certified by the
Mining and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) then endorsed by the Secretary of the
Environment to the President. The MGB approval and certification process shall
pass through consultation with the concerned local government units and the
indigenous cultural communities if the mining area is within an ancestral
domain. The consultation process shall include an endorsement from the LGU for
the establishment of the mining area as an MIZ. The section further states that
the LGU endorsement shall include a waiver of its power to regulate the mining
business operations through issuance of business permits and other license
requirements imposed by the LGU pursuant to the Local Government Code of 1991,
as amended.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">In short, local governments are
required to endorse the establishment of the MIZ and then surrender their
powers to regulate mining activities. Local governments cannot have any role in
the MIZ. Section 6 of the bill provides that "Any local issuances and/or
directions that may be issued by the host LGU, which may affect or relate to
mining operations and other incidental activities thereto, shall be consistent
with and shall conform to the provisions of this Act and to the laws,
regulations, policies and decisions taken by the national government."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">Clearly the bill will not
tolerate any opposition to mining. The phrase "other incidental
activities" could cover a wide range of concerns, such as pollution or
other public health issue. If this bill were passed into law, local governments
will be prohibited from addressing health concerns or other emergencies which
they could under present laws.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">Section 5 also
erases the consultation provisions found in Sections 2(c), 26 and 27 of the
Local Government Code. These provisions extend the consultation requirements to
all stakeholders, not only local governments. The bill does not require the
consent of local officials before the national government can implement
projects. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">Section 7 provides that
“payment of the Government share shall be in lieu of all national and local
taxes including corporate income tax, royalty for the ICCs, duties on imported
specialized capital mining equipment, fees for mayors and/or business permits,
and other fees and charges imposed by the host LGUs pursuant to the Local
Government Code of 1991, as amended.” In other words, mining companies only
need to provide the national government's share and nothing more. Local
governments </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">will be denied the power to raise revenues from
activities related to mining. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MediumGrid1-Accent21" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">House Bill No. 5367 poses too many risks to the
environment, the health of host communities, and to the cause of local
autonomy. It threatens rights presently enjoyed by indigenous peoples under the
Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997. It ensures that mining will continue
unabated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">The issue raised by House Bill
No. 5367 is not the fact that local governments hosting mining operations will
have a share in the revenues. This is already mandated by the Constitution. The
issue with the bill is how it cuts out local officials from the mining
operations, disempowering its officials from protecting the environment and their
constituents. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MediumGrid1-Accent21" style="margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;">In the end, the bill seeks
nothing less than the surrender of local government autonomy over mining
activities. If passed, local governments will end up exactly where they were
during the Marcos dictatorship, voiceless and helpless to raise objections to
the national government's drive to extract recourses from their territories. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-65120799407056953932015-04-21T06:50:00.002-07:002015-04-22T07:00:31.715-07:00REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10660<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Republic of the Philippines</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Congress of the Philippines</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Metro Manila</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Sixteenth Congress</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Second Regular Session</strong></div>
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Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday, the twenty-eighth day of July, two thousand fourteen.</div>
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[REPUBLIC ACT NO. <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">10660</strong>]</div>
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AN ACT STRENGTHENING FURTHER THE FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE SANDIGANBAYAN, FURTHER AMENDING PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1606, AS AMENDED, AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR</div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:</em></div>
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SECTION 1. Section 3 of Presidential Decree No. 1606, as amended, is hereby further amended to read as follows:</div>
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“SEC. 3. <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Constitution of the Divisions; Quorum. – </em>The Sandiganbayan shall sit in seven (7) divisions of three (3) members each.</div>
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“Two (2) members shall constitute a quorum for sessions in divisions: <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Provided, </em>That when the required quorum for the particular division cannot be had due to the legal disqualification or temporary incapacity of a member or a vacancy therein, the Presiding Justice may designate a member of another division to be determined by strict rotation on the basis of the reverse order of precedence, to sit as a special member of said division with all the rights and prerogatives of a regular member of said division in the trial and determination of a case or cases assigned thereto.”</div>
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SEC. 2. Section 4 of the same decree, as amended, is hereby further amended to read as follows:</div>
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“SEC. 4. <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Jurisdiction. – </em>The Sandiganbayan shall exercise exclusive original jurisdiction in all cases involving:</div>
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“a. Violations of Republic Act No. 3019, as amended, otherwise known as the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, Republic Act No. 1379, and Chapter II, Section 2, Title VII, Book II of the Revised Penal Code, where one or more of the accused are officials occupying the following positions in the government, whether in a permanent, acting or interim capacity, at the time of the commission of the offense:</div>
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“(1) Officials of the executive branch occupying the positions of regional director and higher, otherwise classified as Grade ’27’ and higher, of the Compensation and Position Classification Act of 1989 (Republic Act No. 6758), specifically including:</div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">“(a) Provincial governors, vice-governors, members of the sangguniang panlalawigan, and provincial treasurers, assessors, engineers, and other provincial department heads:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">“(b) City mayors, vice-mayors, members of the sangguniang panlungsod, city treasurers, assessors, engineers, and other city department heads;</span></div>
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“(c) Officials of the diplomatic service occupying the position of consul and higher;</div>
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“(d) Philippine army and air force colonels, naval captains, and all officers of higher rank;</div>
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“(e) Officers of the Philippine National Police while occupying the position of provincial director and those holding the rank of senior superintendent and higher;</div>
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“(f) City and provincial prosecutors and their assistants, and officials and prosecutors in the Office of the Ombudsman and special prosecutor;</div>
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“(g) Presidents, directors or trustees, or managers of government-owned or controlled corporations, state universities or educational institutions or foundations.</div>
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“(2) Members of Congress and officials thereof classified as Grade ’27’ and higher under the Compensation and Position Classification Act of 1989;</div>
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“(3) Members of the judiciary without prejudice to the provisions of the Constitution;</div>
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“(4) Chairmen and members of the Constitutional Commissions, without prejudice to the provisions of the Constitution; and</div>
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“(5) <span style="color: red;">All other national and local officials classified as Grade ’27’ and higher under the Compensation and Position Classification Act of 1989.</span></div>
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“b. Other offenses or felonies whether simple or complexed with other crimes committed by the public officials and employees mentioned in subsection a. of this section in relation to their office.</div>
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“c. Civil and criminal cases filed pursuant to and in connection with Executive Order Nos. 1, 2, 14 and 14-A, issued in 1986.</div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">“Provided, </em>That the Regional Trial Court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction where the information: (a) does not allege any damage to the government or any bribery; or (b) alleges damage to the government or bribery arising from the same or closely related transactions or acts in an amount not exceeding One million pesos (P1,000,000.00).</div>
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“Subject to the rules promulgated by the Supreme Court, the cases falling under the jurisdiction of the Regional Trial Court under this section shall be tried in a judicial region other than where the official holds office.</div>
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“In cases where none of the accused are occupying positions corresponding to Salary Grade ’27’ or higher, as prescribed in the said Republic Act No. 6758, or military and PNP officers mentioned above, exclusive original jurisdiction thereof shall be vested in the proper regional trial court, metropolitan trial court, municipal trial court, and municipal circuit trial court, as the case may be, pursuant to their respective jurisdictions as provided in Batas Pambansa Blg. 129, as amended.</div>
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“The Sandiganbayan shall exercise exclusive appellate jurisdiction over final judgments, resolutions or orders of regional trial courts whether in the exercise of their own original jurisdiction or of their appellate jurisdiction as herein provided.</div>
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“The Sandiganbayan shall have exclusive original jurisdiction over petitions for the issuance of the <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">writs </em>of <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">mandamus, </em>prohibition, <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">certiorari, habeas corpus, </em>injunctions, and other ancillary writs and processes in aid of its appellate jurisdiction and over petitions of similar nature, including <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">quo warranto, </em>arising or that may arise in cases filed or which may be filed under Executive Order Nos. 1, 2, 14 and 14-A, issued in 1986: <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Provided, </em>That the jurisdiction over these petitions shall not be exclusive of the Supreme Court.</div>
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“The procedure prescribed in Batas Pambansa Blg. 129, as well as the implementing rules that the Supreme Court has promulgated and may hereafter promulgate, relative to appeals/petitions for review to the Court of Appeals, shall apply to appeals and petitions for review filed with the Sandiganbayan. In all cases elevated to the Sandiganbayan and from the Sandiganbayan to the Supreme Court, the Office of the Ombudsman, through its special prosecutor, shall represent the People of the Philippines, except in cases filed pursuant to Executive Order Nos. 1, 2, 14 and 14-A, issued in 1986.</div>
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“In case private individuals are charged as co-principals, accomplices or accessories with the public officers or employees, including those employed in government-owned or controlled corporations, they shall be tried jointly with said public officers and employees in the proper courts which shall exercise exclusive jurisdiction over them.</div>
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“Any provisions of law or Rules of Court to the contrary notwithstanding, the criminal action and the corresponding civil action for the recovery of civil liability shall at all times be simultaneously instituted with, and jointly determined in, the same proceeding by the Sandiganbayan or the appropriate courts, the filing of the criminal action being deemed to necessarily carry with it the filing of the civil action, and no right to reserve the filing of such civil action separately from the criminal action shall be recognized: <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Provided, however, </em>That where the civil action had heretofore been filed separately but judgment therein has not yet been rendered, and the criminal case is hereafter filed with the Sandiganbayan or the appropriate court, said civil action shall be transferred to the Sandiganbayan or the appropriate court, as the case may be<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13.3333330154419px; line-height: 16px;">,</span> for consolidation and joint determination with the criminal action, otherwise the separate civil action shall be deemed abandoned.”</div>
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SEC. 3. Section 5 of the same decree is hereby amended to read as follows:</div>
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“SEC. 5. <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Proceedings, How Conducted; Decision by Majority Vote. – </em>All three (3) members of a division shall deliberate on all matters submitted for judgment, decision, final order, or resolution.</div>
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“The concurrence of a majority of the members of a division shall be necessary to render a judgment, decision, or final order, or to resolve interlocutory or incidental motions.”</div>
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SEC. 4. <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Funding and Appropriations. </em>– The amount necessary to carry out the implementation of this Act shall be charged against the current appropriations of the Sandiganbayan. Thereafter, such sums as may be needed for its full implementation shall be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.</div>
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SEC. 5. <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Transitory Provision. – </em>This Act shall apply to all cases pending in the Sandiganbayan over which trial has not begun: <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Provided, </em>That: (a) Section 2, amending Section 4 of Presidential Decree No. 1606, as amended, on “Jurisdiction”; and (b) Section 3, amending Section 5 of Presidential Decree No. 1606, as amended, on “Proceedings, How Conducted; Decision by Majority Vote” shall apply to cases arising from offenses committed after the effectivity of this Act.</div>
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SEC. 6. <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Separability Clause. </em>– Should any provision of this Act or part hereof be declared unconstitutional, the other provisions or parts not affected thereby shall remain valid and effective.</div>
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SEC. 7. <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Repealing Clause. – </em>All laws, decrees, orders, and issuances, or portions thereof, which are inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, are hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly.</div>
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SEC. 8. <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Effectivity. </em>– This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in the <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Official Gazette </em>or in two (2) newspapers of general circulation.</div>
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Approved,</div>
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<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.125rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5625rem 0.625rem; text-align: center;" width="288">(Sgd.) <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">FELICIANO BELMONTE JR.</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></strong><em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Speaker of the House</em><em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">of Representatives</em></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.125rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5625rem 0.625rem; text-align: center;" width="240">(Sgd.) <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">FRANKLIN M. DRILON</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></strong><em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">President of the Senate</em></td></tr>
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This Act which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 2138 and House Bill No. 5283 was finally passed by the Senate and the House of Representatives on February 25, 2015.</div>
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<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.125rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5625rem 0.625rem; text-align: center;" width="271">(Sgd.) <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">MARILYN B. BARUA-YAP</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></strong><em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Secretary General</em><em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">House of Representatives</em></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.125rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5625rem 0.625rem; text-align: center;" width="211">(Sgd.) <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">OSCAR G. YABES</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></strong><em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Secretary of the Senate</em></td></tr>
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Approved: <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">APR 16 2015</strong></div>
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(Sgd.) <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">BENIGNO S. AQUINO III</strong><br />
<em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">President of the Philippines</em></div>
<br />
<section class="panel" id="resource" style="background: rgb(242, 242, 242); border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 1.25rem;"><a href="http://www.gov.ph/2015/04/16/republic-act-no-10660/">http://www.gov.ph/2015/04/16/republic-act-no-10660/</a></section>dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-67864575001067736512015-04-16T22:11:00.000-07:002015-04-16T22:11:52.585-07:00The constitutional basis for local government taxation (revised text)<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">The right of
local</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> government units to collect taxes due must always
be upheld to avoid severe tax erosion. This is consistent with the State policy
to guarantee the autonomy of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="match">local</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="match">governments</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and
the objective of the Local Government Code “that they enjoy genuine and
meaningful local autonomy to empower them to achieve their fullest development
as self-reliant communities and make them effective partners in the attainment
of national goals.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> The power
to tax, said the Supreme Court, </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">“is the most potent instrument to raise the
needed revenues to finance and support myriad activities of the local
government units for the delivery of basic services essential to the promotion
of the general welfare and the enhancement of peace, progress, and prosperity
of the people.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
As the Court explained in another case:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">…Local government
units were faced with the same problems that hamper their capabilities to
participate effectively in the national development efforts, among which are:
(a) inadequate tax base, (b) lack of fiscal control over external sources of
income, (c) limited authority to prioritize and approve development projects,
(d) heavy dependence on external sources of income, and (e) limited supervisory
control over personnel of national line agencies. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">Considered as the
most revolutionary piece of legislation on<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="match">local</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="match">autonomy</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>the
LGC effectively deals with the fiscal constraints faced by LGUs. It widens the
tax base of LGUs to include taxes which were prohibited by previous laws such
as the imposition of taxes on forest products, forest concessionaires, mineral
products, mining operations, and the like. The LGC likewise provides enough
flexibility to impose tax rates in accordance with their needs and
capabilities. It does not prescribe graduated fixed rates but merely specifies
the minimum and maximum tax rates and leaves the determination of the actual
rates to the respective<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>sanggunian</i>.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">In <i>Manila Electric Co. v. Province of Laguna</i><i>,</i><a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 11pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
the Supreme Court explained that the objective of the Constitution is to ensure
that, while the local government units are being strengthened and made more
autonomous,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>the legislature must
still see to it that <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">he taxpayer will not be over-burdened or saddled with multiple and
unreasonable impositions;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">each local government unit will have its fair share of
available resources;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">the resources of the national government will not be
unduly disturbed; </span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"> </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">local taxation will be fair, uniform</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white;">, and just.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: black;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></li>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"> <span style="background: white;">NAPOCOR v.
Central Board of Assessment Appeals, G.R. No. 171470, January 30, 2009.</span><span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"> <span style="background: white;">NAPOCOR v.
Central Board of Assessment Appeals, G.R. No. 171470, January 30, 2009.</span><span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"> <span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">National Power Corporation v. City of Cabanatuan, G.R. No. 149110,
April 09, 2003.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"> <span style="background: white;">Manila Electric Co. v. Province of Laguna, G.R. No.
131359, May 05, 1999.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"> <span style="background: white;">Manila Electric Co. v. Province of Laguna, G.R. No.
131359, May 05, 1999.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-35270420674162494602015-04-14T21:52:00.002-07:002015-04-14T21:54:41.276-07:00<b style="background-color: white; color: #006699; font-family: arial; font-size: 50px;">GENDER OF GOVERNORS & MAYORS</b><br />
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<h1 style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">
<span style="color: #545454;">8 in 10 ARE MEN | In PH local politics, men dominate women</span></h1>
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<strong></strong>From towns to provinces, men dominate in local governance, data culled from the results of the 2013 elections show.<br />
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Of the 1,622 mayors who won in last year’s polls, 80 percent (1,297) of them are male, while only 20 percent (325) are female.<br />
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Nationwide, there are five provinces whose mayors are all male. These are Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain Province in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Batanes province in Region II, and Guimaras in Region VI (Western Visayas).<br />
<br />
There are 21 provinces in the country whose mayors are 85 to 95 percent male.<br />
<br />
These are Kalinga and Benguet in CAR; Bulacan and Tarlac in Region III; Batangas and Rizal in Region IV-A; Oriental Mindoro and Romblon in Region IV-B; Antique, Capiz, Iloilo and Negros Occidental in Region VI. Cebu and Negros Oriental in Region VII; Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental in Region X; and Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Dinagat Islands, Sarangani, and South Cotabato in Region XI.<br />
<br />
The high gender inequality in local governance at the municipal level is the same with that at the provincial level.<br />
<br />
Of the country’s 80 governors, only 15 are women.<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: arial; font-size: 11.5px; width: 270px;"></span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bXtgtnuxD3Q/VS3vCaSzJkI/AAAAAAAAA88/Z6CyHoU8lAI/s1600/Gender.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bXtgtnuxD3Q/VS3vCaSzJkI/AAAAAAAAA88/Z6CyHoU8lAI/s1600/Gender.jpg" height="320" width="205" /></a></div>
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Two of the female governors are in Region IV-A. Also, Regions V and XIII each have two female governors, while the following regions have one female governor each – I (Ilocos Region), II (Cagayan Valley), III (Central Luzon), IV-B (Mimaropa), VIII (Eastern Visasyas), X (Nothern Mindanao), XI (Southern Mindanao), XII (Central Mindanao), and the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.<br />
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Read more: <a href="http://www.interaksyon.com/statsofthenation/gender-of-governors-and-mayors">http://www.interaksyon.com/statsofthenation/gender-of-governors-and-mayors</a>dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-74471061851810000262015-04-14T19:35:00.003-07:002015-04-14T19:35:31.936-07:00Aguinaldo doctrine on the way out? <div class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4c4c4c; font-family: Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 28.3333339691162px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5;">The oral arguments also started discussion on an argument raised by the camp of Binay, condonation by re-election, a policy upheld by the Supreme Court.</span></div>
<div class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4c4c4c; font-family: Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 28.3333339691162px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5;">Citing <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Aguinaldo vs Santos, </em>the camp of Mayor Binay argued that "a public official cannot be removed for administrative misconduct committed during a prior term since his re-election to office operates as a condonation of the officers' previous misconduct to the extent of cutting the right to remove him therefor."</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5;">It's a policy that Sereno categorically opposed during the oral arguments, saying it sends the wrong message to government officials.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5;">Sereno said: "It is important that this court deliver the correct message to 430,000 officials, which brings me to the equal protection issue here. We're basically saying that these 430,000 officials can commit administrative offenses ranging from simple misconduct all the way to serious misconduct, and dishonesty. They just have to ensure that they get re-elected and any preventive suspension or any investigation or an administrative finding by the Ombudsman will have to stop. Is that the message that is going to be delivered if we continue with the condonation doctrine?"</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5;">Encouraged, acting Solicitor-General Florin Hilbay said it's time the High Court changes the ruling. </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5;">"We have pending petitions before this honorable court urging the court to revisit the condonation policy of this honorable court. The studies are all there," Hilbay said.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5;"><a href="http://www.rappler.com/nation/89916-showdown-supreme-court-velasco-morales?utm_content=bufferb38a4&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer">http://www.rappler.com/nation/89916-showdown-supreme-court-velasco-morales?utm_content=bufferb38a4&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer</a></span></div>
dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-9762044618457579512015-04-01T03:33:00.002-07:002015-04-01T03:39:56.250-07:00 Social Justice Society v. Lim, Motion for ReconsiderationMotion for reconsideration denied in the case of Social Justice Society v. Lim, G.R. No. <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">187836 on March 10, 2015.</span><br />
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<br />
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/pdf/web/viewer.html?file=/jurisprudence/2015/march2015/187836.pdfdan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-59142292762164563322015-03-30T17:09:00.001-07:002015-03-30T17:09:07.463-07:00<div class="al-source-stories" psa_not_processed="" style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; height: 0px; margin-top: 10px; overflow: hidden; width: 980px;">
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<a href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/files/2015/03/31crucifix.jpg" psa_not_processed="" style="color: #03afe1; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="NO ROLE PLAYING Danish filmmaker Lasse Spang Olsen steals the limelight after being nailed to the cross in Barangay San Pedro Cutud in San Fernando, Pampanga province, on Good Friday in 2014. Olsen, 49, could be the last foreign national to take part in the reenactment of the crucifixion of Christ after local officials banned foreigners from participating in the annual Holy Week rites. E.I. REYMOND T. OREJAS/ CONTRIBUTOR" class="wp-image-682478" height="603" pagespeed_high_res_src="http://1-ps.googleusercontent.com/hk/8Ej_RX2NZOuQFXTAduxSTxjZzh/newsinfo.inquirer.net/files/2015/03/620x603x31crucifix-660x642.jpg.pagespeed.ic.xN8-AcyHN_69zSUUm9rS.jpg" psa_not_processed="" src="http://1-ps.googleusercontent.com/hk/8Ej_RX2NZOuQFXTAduxSTxjZzh/newsinfo.inquirer.net/files/2015/03/620x603x31crucifix-660x642.jpg.pagespeed.ic.xN8-AcyHN_69zSUUm9rS.jpg" style="height: auto; outline: none; width: 630px;" width="620" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text" psa_not_processed="" style="color: #8f8f8f; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; padding: 5px;">
NO ROLE PLAYING Danish filmmaker Lasse Spang Olsen steals the limelight after being nailed to the cross in Barangay San Pedro Cutud in San Fernando, Pampanga province, on Good Friday in 2014. Olsen, 49, could be the last foreign national to take part in the reenactment of the crucifixion of Christ after local officials banned foreigners from participating in the annual Holy Week rites. E.I. REYMOND T. OREJAS/ CONTRIBUTOR</div>
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CITY OF SAN FERNANDO—For the safety of everyone, city officials are making Good Friday crucifixions in three villages here a strictly Filipino affair—and for true penitents only.</div>
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<span class="s1" psa_not_processed="">Councilor Harvey Quiwa, cochair of the Malelo (Holy Week) 2015 Committee, said on Monday that a ban on the crucifixion of foreigners covered the neighboring villages of San Pedro Cutud, Santa Lucia and San Juan.</span></div>
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<span class="s1" psa_not_processed="">The crucifixion of foreigners was also prohibited last year, but Danish filmmaker Lasse Spang Olsen managed to join 11 Filipino men who had themselves nailed to crosses in the annual rites for the atonement of sins, seeking favors from God and giving thanks for answered prayers.</span></div>
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<span class="s1" psa_not_processed="">The village council of San Pedro Cutud allowed Olsen to join the rites after he claimed that he had been converted to Roman Catholicism.</span></div>
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<span class="s1" psa_not_processed="">Local officials said the ban on foreign participation had been prompted by the disrespect for the local Lenten tradition shown by some foreigners.</span></div>
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<span class="s1" psa_not_processed="">In 2008, a Briton made a scene before backing out at the last minute, they said.</span></div>
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<span class="s1" psa_not_processed="">Once, a Japanese man used the footage of his crucifixion as an insert in a pornographic film, they said.</span></div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-54039481460611237682015-03-29T22:57:00.001-07:002015-03-29T22:57:47.315-07:00<h1 class="title" id="page-title" style="background-color: white; clear: right; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em;">
Comelec appeals to opposing camps in Bulacan recall case</h1>
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<span class="article-author-info"><a href="http://www.philstar.com/author/Sheila%20Crisostomo/" style="color: #0071b3; text-decoration: none;">By Sheila Crisostomo</a></span> <span class="article-entity-info">(The Philippine Star) </span>| <span class="article-date-info">Updated March 30, 2015 - 12:00am</span></div>
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MANILA, Philippines - The Commission on Elections (Comelec) on Saturday appealed to opposing parties in a recall case filed against Bulacan Gov. Wilhelmino Sy-Alvarado to respect the process after poll personnel complained that they were caught in a crossfire.</div>
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“This process is part of democracy, to make sure that only elected officials will hold elective office,” Comelec spokesman James Jimenez said.</div>
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The Comelec office in Bulacan is verifying signatures on a recall petition filed against Alvarado by Perlita Mendoza.</div>
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Poll personnel complained that they have been criticized, harassed and threatened with lawsuits for doing their duty.</div>
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Jimenez said both parties should not take it against the Comelec personnel.</div>
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“Just like in basketball, you should not fight with the referee. Let’s just stay sober,” he said as he urged Comelec personnel to continue the process.</div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-8373606066708232362015-03-29T22:53:00.001-07:002015-03-29T22:53:17.175-07:00<h1 style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
Pimentel pushes ‘hating kapatid’ in taxes for LGUs</h1>
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INQUIRER.net</h4>
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12:58 PM | Monday, March 30th, 2015</h4>
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MANILA, Philippines – Senator Aquilino “Koko” Pimentel III on Monday sought bipartisan support for his proposed measure that would give local government units (LGUs) “expanded and bigger” shares from national taxes.</div>
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Known as the “Bigger Pie, Bigger Slice” bill, Pimentel said the measure seeks to change the limited internal revenue allocations (IRAs) of LGUs into “expanded and bigger shares” from national taxes.</div>
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The change, he said, would give LGUs a larger share of 50 percent from the current 40 percent of the total tax collections that would include both revenues collected by the Bureau of Internal Revenue and the Bureau of Customs.</div>
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“The new formula means more available funds for more benefits and better services made available to more people, and envisioned to result in more positive quality of life changes in the lives of more Filipinos,” the senator said in a statement.</div>
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“Hating kapatid,” said Pimentel of the proposed 50-50 formula between the national government and LGUs in keeping with the constitutional mandate to give the latter an equitable share from the national wealth.</div>
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On April 14 to 16, the League of Municipalities of the Philippines (LMP), which has 1,490 members, will hold its 2015 General Assembly at the Manila Hotel to press Congress, among others, to prioritize the proposed measure.</div>
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Pimentel said the municipal mayors are expected to make an appeal to President Benigno Aquino III, who has been invited as guest of honor and speaker, to make the bill an urgent and certified measure of Congress.</div>
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If passed into law, he said the bill would contribute greatly in the empowerment of LGUs “because the added funds would translate to LGUs’ ability to provide more services and offer more opportunities to their constituents.”</div>
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“All these substantial increases in funding are meant to benefit the LGUs and their constituencies,” said the senator, adding that it would mean more schools, better health care, more sustainable livelihood projects and more jobs.</div>
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Pimentel said the bill was envisioned to practically double the annual automatic allocations of LGUs, namely the barangays, municipalities, cities and provinces, from the general appropriations act. <b><i>CB</i></b></div>
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<br /><br />Read more: <a href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/682306/pimentel-pushes-hating-kapatid-in-taxes-for-lgus#ixzz3VqU9pRFS" style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none;">http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/682306/pimentel-pushes-hating-kapatid-in-taxes-for-lgus#ixzz3VqU9pRFS</a> </span>dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-63781084623289816842015-03-29T04:51:00.004-07:002015-03-29T04:51:57.583-07:00Aguinaldo doctrine<h1 style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
Erring officials can’t escape liability under Santiago bill</h1>
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Leila B. Salaverria</h4>
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Philippine Daily Inquirer</h4>
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4:10 AM | Sunday, March 29th, 2015</h4>
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Reelection should not allow a public official to escape administrative liability for misdeeds during his prior term as this would lead to a “ludicrous” situation, Sen. Miriam Defensor-Santiago said.</div>
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Santiago has filed a bill to ensure that elected officials would be made to answer administratively for illegal acts committed during their preceding term, after the camp of Makati Mayor Junjun Binay claimed he should not be held liable for alleged irregularities in the construction of the Makati City Hall Building II during his first term in 2010-2013.</div>
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Binay’s camp cited a Supreme Court ruling that said a public official could not be removed administratively for misconduct committed during a prior term, as reelection effectively condoned the official’s misconduct.</div>
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“That is a cross-eyed simplification of the problem. The first qualification for a public office should be honesty and integrity,” Santiago said in a statement.</div>
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Santiago, a former trial court judge, said this reasoning could spur public officials to commit wrongdoing since they would have a way out in the next election.</div>
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“The result would be ludicrous. Any public official will feel free to commit a crime, including plunder, and then win reelection, if it automatically means his previous crimes are condoned,” she said.</div>
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Her bill would insert a new section in the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act stating that “any elective official shall be liable for any violation of this act committed during a prior term despite reelection.”</div>
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In her explanatory note, she said it was well-established policy that public servants should have the highest virtues of integrity, honesty, discipline and uprightness.</div>
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But she lamented that contrary to this policy, the Supreme Court in a 2010 case reiterated the doctrine of condonation enunciated in another ruling handed down nearly 60 years ago.</div>
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That ruling in the case of Pascual v the Provincial Board of Nueva Ecija prohibited the disciplining of an elected official for a wrongful act committed during his immediately preceding term.</div>
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It said the court should not remove a public official for acts committed prior to his current term, as this would deprive the people of their right to elect their officials.</div>
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It said that when people voted for the official, it must be assumed they did it with knowledge of his life and character, and that they had disregarded or forgiven his faults or misconduct.</div>
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This ruling, Santiago said, provided a blanket defense for elected officials to evade liability by getting reelected.</div>
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“By merely asserting the doctrine of condonation, erring elective officials are automatically given a clean slate once reelected. Thus, there is a need to evaluate this doctrine in light of the express constitutional mandate that public office is a public trust,” she said.</div>
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Earlier, Santiago took the Office of the Ombudsman’s side in its dispute with Binay over the suspension order against him.</div>
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Based on jurisprudence, the Ombudsman can order the immediate suspension of a sitting mayor, she said.</div>
<span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br />Read more: <a href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/682066/erring-officials-cant-escape-liability-under-santiago-bill#ixzz3Vm5cFeBQ" style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none;">http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/682066/erring-officials-cant-escape-liability-under-santiago-bill#ixzz3Vm5cFeBQ</a><br />Follow us: <a href="http://ec.tynt.com/b/rw?id=bSAw-mF-0r4Q-4acwqm_6r&u=inquirerdotnet" style="color: #03afe1; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">@inquirerdotnet on Twitter</a> | <a href="http://ec.tynt.com/b/rf?id=bSAw-mF-0r4Q-4acwqm_6r&u=inquirerdotnet" style="color: #03afe1; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">inquirerdotnet on Facebook</a></span>dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-82618436659088949472015-03-14T00:01:00.002-07:002015-03-14T00:01:32.742-07:00From the Inquirer today:<br />
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<a href="http://opinion.inquirer.net/83319/outrageous-language">Outrageous language</a></h1>
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<a href="http://opinion.inquirer.net/byline/" style="color: #03afe1; text-decoration: none;"><b></b></a><a href="http://opinion.inquirer.net/source/philippine-daily-inquirer" style="color: #03afe1; text-decoration: none;">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a> 2:19 AM | Saturday, March 14th, 2015</h4>
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<span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br />Read more: <a href="http://opinion.inquirer.net/83319/outrageous-language#ixzz3ULCh6FVx" style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none;">http://opinion.inquirer.net/83319/outrageous-language#ixzz3ULCh6FVx</a><br /></span><div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-77407749523859307642015-02-25T21:33:00.001-08:002015-02-25T21:34:03.794-08:00Effect of Reapportionment<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">Republic Act No. 9716 separated eight out of its ten towns comprising a
legislative district and renamed them as another district. Thereafter, a provincial board member was elected
to the same position for the third and fourth time, but now in representation
of the renamed district. The Supreme Court in <i>Naval v. Commission on Elections</i></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;"> held that the fourth election was a violation of the three-term limit
rule because the renamed district is the same one which brought him to office. The
Supreme Court added that the actual difference in the population of the old Second
District from that of the current Third District amounts to less than 10% of
the population of the latter. This fact renders “the new Third District as
essentially, although not literally, the same as the old Second District.”</span>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"> Naval v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No.
207851, July 8, 2014. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35753038.post-49842873343857638062015-02-25T21:29:00.003-08:002015-02-25T21:29:26.010-08:00Payment of damages in expropriation<div class="body" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">Exemplary</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 11pt;">damages and attorney’s fees should be awarded to
the landowner if the government takes possession of the property for a
prolonged period of time without properly initiating expropriation proceedings.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-size: 11pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/Windows%20User/Dropbox/My%20Books/Local%20Government%20Law%20and%20Jurisprudence/Gatmaytan%20LGLJ%202.doc#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"> </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="background: white; font-size: 8pt;">Sy v. Local Government of Quezon City, G.R. No. 202690, June 05, 2013.</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-PH;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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dan gatmaytanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13296392122002066904noreply@blogger.com0